శ్రీమద్భగవద్గీతా పారాయణ - ప్రథమోఽధ్యాయః

sañjaya uvācha

dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryōdhanastadā । āchāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vachanamabravīt ॥2

Sanjaya said: Having seen the army of the Pandavas drawn up in battle array, King Duryodhana approached his teacher, Drona, and spoke these words.

paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍuputrāṇām āchārya mahatīṃ chamūm । vyūḍhāṃ drupadaputrēṇa tava śiṣyēṇa dhīmatā ॥3॥

Behold, O Teacher! This mighty army of the sons of Pandu, arrayed by the son of Drupada, thy wise disciple.

atra śūrā mahēṣvāsāḥ bhīmārjunasamā yudhi । yuyudhānō virāṭaścha drupadaścha mahārathaḥ ॥4॥

Here are heroes, mighty archers, equal in battle to Bhima and Arjuna, Yuyudhana (Satyaki), Virata, and Drupada—all mighty warriors.

dhṛṣṭakētuśchēkitānaḥ kāśirājaścha vīryavān । purujitkuntibhōjaścha śaibyaścha narapuṅgavaḥ ॥5॥

Dhrishtaketu, Chekitana, the valiant king of Kasi, Purujit, Kuntibhoja, and Saibya—the best of men.

yudhāmanyuścha vikrāntaḥ uttamaujāścha vīryavān । saubhadrō draupadēyāścha sarva ēva mahārathāḥ ॥6॥

The strong Yudhamanyu and the brave Uttamaujas, the son of Subhadra (Abhimanyu, the son of Subhadra and Arjuna), and the sons of Draupadi, all of them great charioteers (great heroes)."

asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā yē tānnibōdha dvijōttama । nāyakā mama sainyasya sañjñārthaṃ tān bravīmi tē ॥7॥

Know also, O best among the twice-born! the names of those who are the most distinguished amongst ourselves, the leaders of my army; these I name to you for your information.

bhavān bhīṣmaścha karṇaścha kṛpaścha samitiñjayaḥ । aśvatthāmā vikarṇaścha saumadattistathaiva cha ॥8॥

"Thou thyself, Bhishma, Karna, Kripa, the victorious in war, Asvatthama, Vikarna, and Bhurisrava, the son of Somadatta—all these are ready for battle."

anyē cha bahavaḥ śūrāḥ madarthē tyaktajīvitāḥ । nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarvē yuddhaviśāradāḥ ॥9॥

And also many other heroes, ready to give up their lives for my sake, armed with various weapons and missiles, all well-skilled in battle.

aparyāptaṃ tadasmākaṃ balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam । paryāptaṃ tvidamētēṣāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam ॥10॥

Our army, marshalled by Bhishma, is insufficient, whereas theirs, marshalled by Bhima, is sufficient.

ayanēṣu cha sarvēṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ । bhīṣmamēvābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva ēva hi ॥11॥

Therefore, do all of you, stationed in your respective positions in the several divisions of the army, protect Bhishma alone.

tasya sañjanayan harṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ । siṃhanādaṃ vinadyōchchaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān ॥12॥

His glorious grandsire, the oldest of the Kauravas, roared like a lion to cheer Duryodhana and blew his conch.

tataḥ śaṅkhāścha bhēryaścha paṇavānakagōmukhāḥ । sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulō'bhavat ॥13॥

Then, suddenly, conches, kettledrums, tabors, drums, and cow horns blared forth from the Kaurava side, and the sound was tremendous.

tataḥ śvētairhayairyuktē mahati syandanē sthitau । mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaśchaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ ॥14॥

Then, Madhava (Krishna) and the son of Pandu (Arjuna), seated in the magnificent chariot yoked with white horses, blew divine conches.

pāñchajanyaṃ hṛṣīkēśaḥ dēvadattaṃ dhanañjayaḥ । pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ bhīmakarmā vṛkōdaraḥ ॥15॥

Hrishikesha blew the Panchajanya, Arjuna blew the Devadatta, and Bhima, the wolf-bellied doer of terrible deeds, blew the great conch Paundra.

anantavijayaṃ rājā kuntīputrō yudhiṣṭhiraḥ । nakulaḥ sahadēvaścha sughōṣamaṇipuṣpakau ॥16॥

King Yudhishthira, the son of Kunti, blew the Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva blew the Sughosha and the Manipushpaka.

kāśyaścha paramēṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī cha mahārathaḥ । dhṛṣṭadyumnō virāṭaścha sātyakiśchāparājitaḥ ॥17॥

The king of Kasi, an excellent archer, Sikhandi, the mighty car-warrior, Dhrishtadyumna, Virata, and Satyaki, the unconquered.

drupadō draupadēyāścha sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpatē । saubhadraścha mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhān-dadhmuḥ pṛthak pṛthak ॥18॥

Drupada and the sons of Draupadi, O Lord of the Earth, and the son of Subhadra, the mighty-armed, blew their conches each separately.

sa ghōṣō dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat । nabhaścha pṛthivīṃ chaiva tumulō vyanunādayan ॥19॥

The tumultuous sound rent the hearts of Dhritarashtra's party, reverberating through both heaven and earth.

atha vyavasthitān-dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrān kapidhvajaḥ । pravṛttē śastrasampātē dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ ॥20॥

Then, seeing the people of Dhritarashtra's party standing arrayed and the discharge of weapons about to begin, Arjuna, the son of Pandu whose ensign was a monkey, took up his bow and said the following to Krishna, O Lord of the Earth.

hṛṣīkēśaṃ tadā vākyam idamāha mahīpatē । arjuna uvācha sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē rathaṃ sthāpaya mē'chyuta ॥21॥

Arjuna said, "O Krishna, place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, so that I may behold those who stand here, desirous to fight, and know with whom I must fight when the battle is about to commence."

yāvadētānnirīkṣē'haṃ yōddhukāmānavasthitān । kairmayā saha yōddhavyaṃ asmin raṇasamudyamē ॥22॥

Arjuna said, "O Krishna, place my chariot in the middle between the two armies, so that I may behold those who stand here, desirous to fight, and know with whom I must fight when the battle is about to commence."

yōtsyamānānavēkṣē'haṃ ya ētē'tra samāgatāḥ । dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddhēḥ yuddhē priyachikīrṣavaḥ ॥23॥

For I desire to observe those who are assembled here to fight, wishing to please in battle the evil-minded Duryodhana—the son of Dhritarashtra.

sañjaya uvācha

ēvamuktō hṛṣīkēśaḥ guḍākēśēna bhārata । sēnayōrubhayōrmadhyē sthāpayitvā rathōttamam ॥24

Sanjaya said, Thus addressed by Arjuna, Krishna stationed the best of chariots, O Dhritarashtra, in the midst of the two armies.

bhīṣmadrōṇapramukhataḥ sarvēṣāṃ cha mahīkṣitām । uvācha pārtha paśyaitān samavētānkurūniti ॥25॥

In front of Bhishma and Drona, and all the rulers of the earth, he said: "O Arjuna, son of Pritha, behold these Kurus gathered together."

tatrāpaśyatsthitān pārthaḥ pitṝnatha pitāmahān । āchāryān-mātulān-bhrātṝn putrān-pautrān-sakhīṃstathā ॥26॥

Then, Arjuna (son of Pritha) saw there (in the armies) stationed fathers, grandfathers, teachers, maternal uncles, brothers, sons, grandsons, and friends.

śvaśurān-suhṛdaśchaiva sēnayōrubhayōrapi । tānsamīkṣya sa kauntēyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān ॥27॥

He saw fathers-in-law and friends in both the armies. The son of Kunti, Arjuna, seeing all those kinsmen thus standing arrayed, spoke sorrowfully, deeply filled with pity.

kṛpayā parayā''viṣṭaḥ viṣīdannidamabravīt । arjuna uvācha dṛṣṭvēmaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam ॥28॥

Arjuna said, "O Krishna, seeing my kinsmen arrayed here, eager to fight,

sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṃ cha pariśuṣyati । vēpathuścha śarīrē mē rōmaharṣaścha jāyatē ॥29॥

My limbs fail, my mouth is parched, my body quivers, and my hair stands on end.

gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsatē hastāt tva kchaiva paridahyatē । na cha śaknōmyavasthātuṃ bhramatīva cha mē manaḥ ॥30॥

The Gandiva slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over; I am unable to stand, and my mind is reeling, as it were.

nimittāni cha paśyāmi viparītāni kēśava । na cha śrēyō'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhavē ॥31॥

And I see ill omens, O Kesava. I do not see any good in slaying my kinsmen in battle.

na kāṅkṣē vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na cha rājyaṃ sukhāni cha । kiṃ nō rājyēna gōvinda kiṃ bhōgairjīvitēna vā ॥32॥

I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures. What use is dominion to us, O Krishna, or pleasures or even life?

yēṣāmarthē kāṅkṣitaṃ naḥ rājyaṃ bhōgāḥ sukhāni cha । ta imē'vasthitā yuddhē prāṇāṃstyakttvā dhanāni cha ॥33॥

Those for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyments, and pleasures stand here in battle, having renounced life and wealth.

āchāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāḥ tathaiva cha pitāmahāḥ । mātulāḥ śvaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinastathā ॥34॥

Teachers, fathers, sons, and grandfathers, maternal uncles, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives—

ētānna hantumichChāmi ghnatō'pi madhusūdana । api trailōkyarājyasya hētōḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛtē ॥35॥

These I do not wish to kill, O Krishna, even though they kill me, for the sake of dominion over the three worlds; leave alone killing them for the sake of the earth."

nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana । pāpamēvāśrayēdasmān hatvaitānātatāyinaḥ ॥36॥

By killing these sons of Dhritarashtra, what pleasure could be ours, O Janardana? Only sin would accrue to us from killing these felons.

tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān । svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava ॥37॥

Therefore, we should not kill the sons of Dhritarashtra, our relatives; for how can we be happy by killing our own kin, O Madhava (Krishna)?

yadyapyētē na paśyanti lōbhōpahatachētasaḥ । kulakṣayakṛtaṃ dōṣaṃ mitradrōhē cha pātakam ॥38॥

Though they, with intelligence overpowered by greed, see no evil in the destruction of families and no sin in hostility to friends,

kathaṃ na jñēyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum । kulakṣayakṛtaṃ dōṣaṃ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana ॥39॥

Why should we not, who clearly see the evil in the destruction of families, learn to turn away from this sin, O Janardana (Krishna)?

kulakṣayē praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ । dharmē naṣṭē kulaṃ kṛtsnam adharmō'bhibhavatyuta ॥40॥

In the destruction of a family, the immemorial religious rites of that family perish; on the destruction of spirituality, impiety indeed, overwhelms the whole family.

adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ । strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇēya jāyatē varṇasaṅkaraḥ ॥41॥

O Krishna, by the prevalence of impiety, the women of the family become corrupt; and, when women are corrupted, O Varshenya (descendant of Vrishni), intermingling of castes arises.

saṅkarō narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṃ kulasya cha । patanti pitarō hyēṣāṃ luptapiṇḍōdakakriyāḥ ॥42॥

Confusion of castes leads to hell for the slayers of the family, for their forebears fall, deprived of the offerings of rice-balls and libations of water.

dōṣairētaiḥ kulaghnānāṃ varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ । utsādyantē jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāścha śāśvatāḥ ॥43॥

By these evil deeds of the destroyers of the family, which cause confusion of castes, the eternal religious rites of the caste and the family are destroyed.

utsannakuladharmāṇāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana । narakē'niyataṃ vāsaḥ bhavatītyanuśuśruma ॥44॥

We have heard, O Janardana, that those men in whose families the religious practices have been destroyed are inevitably destined to dwell in hell for an unknown period.

ahō bata mahatpāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam । yadrājyasukhalōbhēna hantuṃ svajanamudyatāḥ ॥45॥

Alas! We are involved in a great sin, for we are prepared to kill our kinsmen, out of greed for the pleasures of a kingdom.

yadi māmapratīkāram aśastraṃ śastrapāṇayaḥ । dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇē hanyuḥ tanmē kṣēmataraṃ bhavēt ॥46॥

If the sons of Dhritarashtra, with weapons in hand, should slay me in battle, unresisting and unarmed, that would be better for me.

sañjaya uvācha

ēvamuktvā'rjunaḥ saṅkhyē rathōpastha upāviśat । visṛjya saśaraṃ chāpaṃ śōkasaṃvignamānasaḥ ॥47

Sanjaya said, Having thus spoken in the midst of the battlefield, Arjuna cast away his bow and arrow and, his mind overwhelmed with sorrow, sat down on the seat of the chariot.

॥ ōṃ tatsaditi śrīmadbhagavadgītāsu upaniṣatsu brahmavidyāyāṃ yōgaśāstrē śrīkṛṣṇārjunasaṃvādē arjunaviṣādayōgō nāma prathamō'dhyāyaḥ ॥

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